ANALISIS KONSEP STRUKTUR PSIKIS DAN MOTIVASI UTAMA MANUSIA DALAM BERPRILAKU PERSPEKTIF PSIKOLOGI BARAT( Kajian Psikionalisis Behavioristik dan Humanistik )

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the concept of psychic structure and the main motivation of humans in behaving based on three main schools of Western psychology, namely psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and humanism. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method, where the main sources analyzed include the works of central figures from each approach such as Sigmund Freud (psychoanalysis), B.F. Skinner (behaviorism), and Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers (humanism). The results of the study indicate that in the psychoanalytic approach, the human psychic structure is divided into id, ego, and superego which interact with each other and influence individual motivation and behavior, with instinctive drives as the main driver. In behaviorism, human behavior is considered the result of a response to external stimuli, and motivation is seen as the result of reinforcement. Meanwhile, the humanistic approach views humans as conscious, free beings who have self-actualization as their main motivation. The conclusion of this study confirms that each perspective offers a different but complementary understanding in viewing the complexity of human behavior. The integration of these three approaches can provide a more complete framework in understanding the dynamics of the human psyche and motivation in the context of modern life.